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10 causes and risk factors of genital warts

Introduction

Genital warts, also known as papilloma or condylomas, are a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the growth of vegetations or bumps on the skin of the penis, pubis, groin or scrotum.

They are a frequent reason for urology and dermatology consultation, their cause is infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Causes and risk factors

causes and risk factors of genital warts

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the appearance of genital warts, there are many HPV serotypes that can cause warts.

Some risk factors for developing warts on the genitals are: genital warts are:

  1. Multiple sexual partners
  2. Conditions with weakened immune system
  3. Malnutrition
  4. Diabetes
  5. HIV Infection
  6. Kidney transplant
  7. Enfermedades reumatológicas
  8. Smoking
  9. Uncircumcised status
  10. Shaving the genitals

Symptoms

The main manifestation of genital warts is the appearance of growths or bumps on the genital skin, varying in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The color may be similar to skin tone or sometimes brown, their borders are usually irregular, and they are painless.

Diagnosis

To diagnose genital warts, it is enough to perform a physical examination, if the diagnosis is in doubt, the following complementary tests can be performed.

  • Acetic acid application
  • Exfoliative cytology
  • HPV detection and genotyping PCR
  • Lesion biopsy

There are several dermatological conditions on the genitals that are very similar to papilloma: 

  • Pearly penile papules
  • Angiokeratomas
  • Soft fibroids, skin tags
  • Fordyce glands
  • Sebaceous cysts

Treatment

There are several ways to remove genital warts:

  • Topical keratolytic treatments
  • Cauterization 
  • Laser destruction of lesions
  • Cryotherapy
  • Photodynamic therapy
  • Intralesional injection of immunological agents
  • Circumcision (adjuvant)

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Dr. Salvador Bricio